A+Positive,but B+Negative
结构︰A(主词)+肯定(或否定)…,but+B(主词)+否定(或肯定)…。
说明︰此句型意为“A…,但是 B 不…(或:A 不…,但是 B…)”。but 是<连接词>,用于表示“相反”或“对比”,故 but 可连接一个肯定<子句>与一个否定<子句>;本句型中 <助动词>要与一般<动词>的<时态>相一致。
Mr. Collins was tired, but Mr. Smith wasn't. 柯林斯先生累了,但是史密斯先生不累。
It won't hurt you, but chemicals will. 它不会伤害你,但是农药会。
Mr. Chen knows this, but other people don't. 陈先生知道这件事,但是别人不知道。
He made more money, but I didn't. 他赚了更多的钱,但是我没有。
My sister eats natural foods every day, but I don't.我妹妹每天都吃天然食品,但是我不吃。
…… when/as/while ……
结构︰主要子句+when/as/while+子句
说明︰此句型意为“当…时”。when 引导的<子句>,不仅说明一般时间,而且可以表示与<主要子句>同时或提前的动作时间。两个<动词>常用现在式。as 所表示的同时意义更突出一些,语意更强一些;while 多指动作的过程,时间范围较大一些。<连接词> while 后面的<主词>,如果与<主要子句>的<主词>相同时,while 后面的<主词>与 be <动词>可以省略,如例句8.
When I got there, they were having a negotiation. 我到那里时,他们正谈判。
When I called, Tom was having dinner. 当我打电话时,汤姆正在吃晚饭。
When I met Jill, she was talking to a young man.当我遇到吉尔时,她正在和一个年轻人说话。
When I entered the room, everyone was laughing loudly.
当我走进房间时,每个人都在大声地笑。
When you walk into the room, the lights turn on by themselves.
每当你走入这房间,电灯自己就打开。
The customer laughed as he spoke. 客户边谈边笑。
Work while you work, and rest while you rest. 工作的时候工作,休息的时候休息。
While she was reading in the room (=While reading in the room), she heard John call her.
当她在房间里看书时,她听见约翰在叫她。
…… before/after ……
结构︰主要子句+before/after+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…之前/之后”。<主要子句>的动作发生在<子句>动作之前或之后。before 引导的<子句>不可用否定式。
You must send some sample to the customer before you go abroad.
在你出国之前,应该先寄给客户一些样品。
After you think it over, please let me know by fax. 你仔细考虑过之后,请用传真相告。
What do you want to do after you have concluded this transaction?
这笔生意成交之后你想做什么?
…… because/as/since ……
结构︰主要子句+because/as/since+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…因为…”。because 作“因为”解释,是<连接词>,它后面所引导的<子句>,叫做“<从属子句>”。<主要子句>前切不可加 so;<从属子句>可放在<主要子句>后,但为了强调,可放在<主要子句>前。
I didn't like it because it was noisy. 我不喜欢它因为很吵闹。
His boss looked at him coldly because he made several big mistakes.
他的老板冷漠地看着他因为他犯了几个大错误。
John lives happily because he uses his time well to study.